CU1513 & Food Essay

Children need to be in a positive environment because if the child spends their day in an effective designed environment, the child will be physically, socially, emotionally, and aesthetically nurtured. The environment can maximise their intellectual potential and provide a foundation for the development of their emotional security. A positive environment for children and young people must be a safe place to work in, so a number of legal health and safety requirements should be in place. Whatever the setting, policies and procedures guide the workplace. 2) In my work setting, we work within the care standards regulations by making sure the setting is a safe place to be in, and being hygienic, we have a sterilising unit which is used everyday, and also sterilise the plastic toys and make sure everything is cleaned well. We wear aprons and gloves whilst changing babies nappies, and to go around every morning and evening checking that nothings broken. We also give out daily sheets to give to the parent/carer at the end of the day, to tell them what they’ve had and what they’ve done during the day. The Special Needs Code of Practice is designed to help make effective decisions regarding children and young people with special educational needs, but this does not mean you can tell them exactly what to do in each individual case. A positive environment and routine teaches children how to behave with people in general, in my work setting the ages are 3-18 months, so the older babies might get an early understanding on how to be around people and how to be around one another. If the staff are positive and approachable, it could also help children to talk to staff more about any concerns they may have. Also it allows parents to talk to the staff more easily, and feel included and equal. 3) This is part of children’s learning about self care and personal hygiene. We can help them do this by encouraging them to wash their hands before and after eating, and also giving them a mirror which can help them too. In my work setting, ages 3-18 months, it is very different, as they’d need their nappies changed regularly to prevent infections and sores, and to also talk to the parent/carer about any allergies or skin conditions their child might have. We also talk to parents/carers about their child’s hair in case they have any allergies or conditions as they may require special products. And we will ask them to bring in hats, especially during Summer. Teeth are important too, as well as having healthy milk teeth, it encourages the healthy adult teeth. With older children, workers can encourage children to brush their own teeth in the morning and before bedtime with the guidance of the parent/carer. 4) Rest and exercise both play a crucial part in health and well being of children. Learning and memory are at there best in well rested children. Exercise is equally important, playing a vital role in physical health, which promotes muscle and bone strength. In my work setting we promote exercise by doing activities with them which can include dancing, going out to the outside play area or going for a walk to the park, and then when they get out of their prams, they explore and identify new things too. We encourage rest by doing certain activities which includes sitting down and reading books and putting them to bed after lunch time and if they are tired at any time throughout the day we will put them in a cot/pram. 5) The basic nutritional requirements include plenty of fruit and veg, which we should be having at least five portions of a variety everyday. In my work setting we encourage the children to eat fruit and veg everyday by giving a different variety at both snack times. Bread, rice, potatoes and pasta and other starchy foods, milk and dairy foods, and also some meat, fish and alternatives, also to have a small amounts of foods and drink which is high in fat or sugar, although this should be kept restricted to special occasion foods only. 6) When children come together at meal/snack time, they should be all eating the same food, however there can be special requirements. For example, children with chewing or digestive difficulties may need their food chopped or liquidized. Specific food additives may cause allergic reactions. And even cultural/religious preferences may restrict specific foods, as either a general rule, or certain times and holidays. Whoever cant eat meat for any reason, we give alternatives to the foods given. 7) Food is a common way for illness to spread, workers who are ill or have recently been ill can unknowingly contaminate foods which are prepared and served to the children. In childcare settings, food safety is everyone’s responsibility, any member of staff that comes in contact with the food should be familiar with safe food handling practices and all work places should have a food safety book. The National Childcare Accreditation Council (NCAC) provides national guidelines for childcare which covers all areas of care, which includes information on all aspects of quality childcare, including hygiene, communications, discipline, food and nutrition. Research time journal. 40 minutes on questions 1-4 30 minutes on questions 5-7

Chain of Command Informed

The reason it is important to keep your chain of command informed is because when you are in the military you never know what any one person might need you for and you are a solider ours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year. A few of the other reasons are the chain of command mite need to contact you because your unit is being activated in which case you will have to show up with all of the bags and whatever else they tell you to bring in at a certain place at a certain time.Another reason is you may have to take a pips test in which case you will have to show up at a retain place at a certain time. One of the biggest reasons you have to keep you chain of command informed is because of accountability your chain of command must have 100 percent accountability of all the soldiers assigned to them at all times. You must also keep your chain of command informed incase a solider comes up missing so they know that it is not you.Another big reason you must keep you chain of command informed is because if the unit gets a red cross message for you they have to know were you are and be able to get a hold of you no matter what because if your nit gets a red cross message then It Is normally something real serious it could h/ death in your family or a family member severely ill an you need to get home as soon as possible to comfort your other family members/Also because if you are stationed in Germany or any of the other countries outside the united states that the united states army has a base at you are always at a higher threat level then army bases In the unites states so their for If something ever happens to a solider out side of the army base you are stationed on your chain of command needs to know that It Isn't you an they wont have the time to run around an look for you. 4th Is also Important to keep your chain of command Informed because If a sensitive Items comes up missing then no one can go any were till the sensitive Item Is found. Those are some of the reason s that you must keep your chain of command Informed of your whereabouts at all times. The definition of Dereliction of duty Is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10,892. Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military. A service member who Is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has Incapacitated himself In such a way that he cannot perform his duties.Incapacitation Includes falling asleep while on-duty; getting drunk and being unable to perform his duties; or vacating his post contrary to regulations. Article 92 also applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise result In criminally negligent behavior Reasons It Is Important to Keep Your Chain of Command Informed By unimpassioned unit gets a red cross message then it is normally something real serious it could h/ states army has a base at you are always at a higher threat level then army bases in the unites states so their for if something ever happens to a solider out side of the army base you are stationed on your chain of command needs to know that it isn't you an they wont have the time to run around an look for you. T is also important to keep your chain of command informed because if a sensitive items comes up missing hen no one can go any were till the sensitive item is found. Those are some of the reasons that you must keep your chain of command informed of your whereabouts at all times. The definition of Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States member who is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has incapacitated himself in such a way that he cannot perform his duties. Incapacitation includes falling asleep while on-duty; getting drunk and being unable applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise result in criminally

1/8/99

1/8/99 Essay Lord of The FliesThree major themes in this story were: fear, the need for civilization, and instinct to be a follower. The most obvious of all the themes is mans need for civilization. The total opposite of the belief that man is innocent and society is evil is displayed in the story by showing that laws and rules, schools and policemen are all important to keep the dark side of human nature in line. When these concepts are ignored or slip away then we go back to the earliest part of their nature. An example of this is when the boys on the island get together at the beginning of the story and try to set some rules and assign a leader. This does not work out the way Ralph had expected, and it shows that uncivilization may occur when there are no regulations, and guidance from a leader. Fear of the unknown on the island are in the minds of the boys because of the terror of the beast. The fear is allowed to grow because they play with the idea of it. They cannot accept the belief of the beast, and they also cannot let go of it. The recognition that no real beast exists, that there is only the power of fear, is one of the deepest meanings of the story. I someone believes that another is superior, usually in strength and intelligence, they will be a follower of that person and fulfill their wishes. At first in the book, Ralph was elected chief. Everyone followed Ralphs commands because he was the superior. Ralph was Jacks superior, but Jack was still in charge of the members that left Ralph. Jack did not believe that Ralph was his superior in strength and intelligence. He left with choir, who followed him. The others soon believed Jack was superior to Ralph because he could hunt and supply them with food. They, of course, went and became part of Jacks tribe. Thsi all shows that people are easily fooled by a show of superior ability and will follow anyone that they believe to be powerful. Three symbols used in this novel are: the conch,the boys, and the hunting rituals. The conch stands for order and stability. It was a way of getting everyone together for meetings, and showing respect to whomever was speaking while holding the conch. The boys themselves represent the different ways of life, they had the intellectual Piggy, the adventurer, the bully, and the torturer. These all give the impression of diversity that is found in an actual society. the several hunting rituals symbolize the increasing powers of evil in them. All of the chanting and dancing they did when hunting was taken to another level of satisfaction, and excitement of that in murderers. Simon symbolizes the prophet-like figure. He is intelligent, and sensible, and he keeps up the hope that the boys will get rescued even when Ralph is doubting it. Some of the other boys on the island find him strange and think that theres something wrong with him. Simon meets the Lord of the Flies, which is represented by the pig skull on the stick. He is the only boy who realizes that there is no real beast on the island, and the only beast is the boys themselves. Simon is killed by the other boys who were caught up in a savage dance, which was an event that represented their barbaric way of living.

HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

HW - Assignment Example Customer identification programs are also usually protected as a way of maintaining ethics on the net. Companies are also keen to release any of the important information regarded as business security and such information are normally protected with passwords and cookies which prevent hackers from obtaining them (Mason pg 7). 3. Due to rapid development in technology companies are forced to change swiftly with the changes. Virtual Private Network is useful in extending private network across to the public which helps in sharing of data across public and private networks. Through proxy servers most companies have adopted the use of Wide Area Network as a means of faster communication. 4. Intrusion Detection Systems have failed in the sense that they fail to raise alarms in case of a hacking procedure begins. IDS cannot work better since they only depend on either signature matching or abnormality to detect an attack. However, this is not normally done faster due to the single lines that the system uses and therefore might take a longer time before detection of any attack. Hackers have monitored the use of obfuscation, fragmentation, encryption, and overloading as a means of exploiting IDS. 5. IPsec is not used everywhere since it needs to be invisible to the users. Most of the time if IPsec is under use it is usually invisible to the writer of the web browser as well as the web server. This is usually done by the web administrator. Moreover it requires a lot of set up to function well since it performs better at system level and not the application

(Marketing) Q) how did the rise of technology invation benifit Essay

(Marketing) Q) how did the rise of technology invation benifit marketing communication ( Use HSBC BANK AS THE MAIN EXAMPLE) - Essay Example 2003)state in their analysis of the impact of technology-mediated sales on the customer behaviour. According to them, the adoption of technology-mediated communication on channel partner relationships really influences the customer satisfaction since this technology is found to have significant, positive, direct effects on future intentions. In order to illustrate the above stated as well as the power on technological innovation applied to marketing, this paper will focus on the HSBC bank latest marketing and communication campaigns, offering a brief but comprehensive review on the achievements of this marketing initiative, as well as the coherence and accordance of their strategic marketing campaign, the use of new technologies and HSBC core values. Bearing in mind HSBCs motto "We are the world's local bank", it is easy to understand the banks effort to address and reach every one of their potential customers. Headquartered in London, HSBC is one of the largest banking and financial services organisations in the world, with an international network that comprises over 10,000 offices in 83 countries and territories in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. With listings on the London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris and Bermuda stock exchanges, shares in HSBC Holdings plc are held by around 200,000 shareholders in some 100 countries and territories. The shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Receipts. Through an international network linked by advanced technology, including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services: personal financial services; commercial banking; corporate, investment banking and markets; private banking; and other activities1. It appears to be logical that such an international and new technology-oriented company seek for the perfect marketing strategy within the newest communication tools. This corporate features have led the Hong Kong Bank to put in practice one of the most comprehensive and celebrated Marketing Communication Campaign in the past couple of years. It happened to be not only logical but also coherent and even expected that a company that always proudly offers the latest and trendiest way of financial services as commercial banking; corporate, investment banking and markets; or private banking, resort also to the most innovative manner to present them to the customer. In the last two years, HSBC Marketing and Communication responsible have turned to Mail-listing, Bluetooth, You Tube, Facebook or Google to advertise its services, in a wise attempt to touch their clients wherever they are, following their corporative slogan. 2. Technological Innovation, a Marketing approach Technology innovation has always been a hot issue as it is continuously attracting the attention of trend setters or new markets discoverers, boosted for a increasingly competitive market with limited customers. Even thought, many of the inventions we take for granted today lay unused and unappreciated for years before they finally made it to the marketplace. For example, it was just in the 1980's when Steve Jobs2 took a 1960's invention (the computer mouse) and

An essay, critically discussing aspects of a Video Case Study Research Paper

Discussing Aspects of a Video Case Study of Either Lucys Story or Sams Story - Research Paper Example â€Å"The support and protection of children cannot be achieved by a single agency†¦ Every Service has to play its part. All staff must have placed upon them the clear expectation that their primary responsibility is to the child and his or her family† (Laming, 1999). Multi-agency approach encompasses a child’s social care services, health, police and voluntary groups, NGOs as well as parent, guardian or school’s mutual interaction. For effective implementation, such an approach requires tools and procedures like early intervention, a common assessment framework, information sharing etc. As such agencies all share the common goal of the wellbeing of the child, therefore, they should cooperate well with each other. Beckett (2007, p.110) has mentioned the list of risks indicators formulated by Greenland which lead to increased likelihood of harm in children. According to him, if parents themselves have been neglected or abused in their childhood, the mother was aged twenty or less at birth of her first born, she is a single parent, divorced, living a socially isolated life, having poor housing conditions, or using excessive alcohol or drugs then the child is likely to get affected. Similarly, the history of the child being neglected before age five or having prolonged separation from the mother is indicative of potential safety risks to the child. Most of these risk indicators are prevalent in Lucy’s case. Her mother was single, living a socially deprived life in poor vicinity. Being a drug addict she posed the real threat to her children.

Steve Jobs, a Modern Hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Steve Jobs, a Modern Hero - Essay Example He was among the most influential persons in the globe for the last four decades. So influential he was, but not without authority. He assembled a team that was accordingly competent and conformed to his commands with total fealty. Not just his death, his resignation as Apple’s Chief Executive Officer was a total anguish to the world. The public response to the tremendous death was that only seen in cases involving tales about epic heroes. Like a modern hero, he accepted assistance from his fellows as well as subordinates. In addition, he inspired those he worked with to be better. Fearless to dream, he invented technologies that extremely fulfilled the lives of countless people. This paper focuses on the life of Steve Jobs as a modern hero, triumphing via initiative, technology, and will power, who looks at things from a global perspective. Born on February 24, 1955 to an unmarried Joanne Simpson and Abdufattah Jandari in San Francisco , Steven was given up to adoption and adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs of California who brought him up . His adoptive parents cherished and nurtured his curiosity in electronics. He dropped out of college in 1972 when he felt his parents were struggling too much to educate him and he was still not sure of what he wanted. He foremost saw a computer terminal at NASA’s Ames Research Center. ... His engineers at Apple tailored the idea to come up with two great computers, the pricier Lisa and Macintosh (Iwatani & Fowler Web). After this, one invention came after another, from the ‘graphical’ PC of 1984 to Pixer, Apple completely changed the world of computers. It kept building new and better innovations under the guidance of the competent Jobs. He was once pushed out of Apple for eleven years due to discrepancy with Sculley. Even when out of Apple his dream remained sentient, and he opened another company ‘NEXT’. He later rejoined Apples, to find it struggling to remain in the picture but he invigorated the company (Robertson Web). Most fancied of his inventions is the launch of iPod in 2001, a pocket garget that could lug up to 1000 songs. Next came the touch screen iPhone in 2007 coupled by Apple’s App Store in the subsequent year. In 2010, arrived the iPad. These and other innovations ranked Apples as the second biggest company by 2011 in United States. Though most felt that creation of iPad was unimportant, Steve wizardly convinced the world to accept and buy the tablet sized all touch computer. Jobs ideas resulted not only in Apple’s success but also fashioned everything, from Hollywood to music industry. They changed PC as well as digital media industries (Robertson Web). Jobs unreservedly transformed the field of technology, completely revolutionizing the word. He had an entirely diverse way of envisaging things, always believed in himself and brilliant enough to implement what he contemplated. No hero lacks rivals, and Steve did have some, Bill Gates a computer intellect like Jobs was one of them. The difficult path full of the setbacks and disappointments he had to follow to be triumphant as well as the challenges he came across but

Gene Autry Museum Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gene Autry Museum Visit - Essay Example time passed by, the center has increasingly expanded its performance to involve some emphases on other Westerners like Asians, Mexicans, African Americans, and Native Americans (Lemanczyk 2007, 50). At present, the center’s primary emphasis is on the union or meeting points of cultural practices in the American West. The Autry National Center is a museum of American West’s history, with collections and displays of relics and art works from the historical age of White imperialism in the 19th century, and it is also regarded a museum of symbols, myths, and images of the West, with quite a few masterpieces by Western artists, and a broad array of Western goods, mementos, costumes, etc. The center houses a research department which routinely conducts special expositions and events, and makes publications. Undoubtedly, the center is the leading museum of the American motion picture. . Â   In spite of the alienation I felt when I entered the center and being welcomed by the full-size imitation of Gene Autry, the center is, without a doubt, dedicated to the American West, particularly to cowboys and Native Americans. The center, apparently, has witnessed the honing of its vision and the expansion of its performance as it has struggled to become a site where the legends of the American West would occupy an important part in American history. Nevertheless, as I have observed, in spite of the committed hard work of Autry there was a very obvious dilemma. Several of the center’s visitors erroneously thought that Indians basically died out. The solution to this dilemma was easy, that is, to allow living Indians express and exhibit their own cultural history. One of the most remarkable and memorable exhibits I have seen in the center is the ‘reservation’, and although not all American Indians have went through this historical period, it is a site of legendary importance in the perception of American Indians. Several Natives who grew up in cities have an idealized

Failed states Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Failed states - Case Study Example political goods' for its citizens (nil capacity)'Sovereign territorial state that is no longer sovereign in areas that it claims to rule'Claimants to rule fail to exercise clear priority over other groups in territories". No laws, violence throughout, the disappearance of law, education, healthcare, and border control, and political conflicts are ways that we typically measure state failure. Central state authority does not exist, or has failed, for years. "State failure is a new label that encompasses a range of severe political conflicts and regime crises exemplified by macro-societal events such as those Failed States 4 that occurred in Somalia, Bosnia, Liberia, and Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) in the 1990s ("Rebuilding Failed & Defeated States, n.d.). Other factors that are included in the measurement of a failed state are civil conflicts, conflicts amongst other countries, high infant deaths, types of regime, quality of life, material possessions/things, low trade, and the well being of its citizens. After analyzing the literature, it seems that the centre of the definition of a failed state is a failing internal structure. Having looked in the dictionary and the encylycopaedia, the meaning for failed states is not clear. Whilst there are many opinions, definitions, and literature on the topic, the definition and causes of a failed state cannot be so clearly stated or defined. It is rather complex. Grant (2004) declares, "'The predicate question-what is a 'failed state''-by no means lends itself to an easy answer. Like many questions involving statehood and international relations, the question of the failed state becomes more complicated the further one moves from the...This would be akin to a focus on WW2's endgame (Hiroshima) while ignoring everything that went on between 1939 and 1945. Failed states provide unrestricted training grounds for multiple global guerrilla groups. They offer numerous financial opportunities (for example, half of Afghanistan's GDP is opium -- in contrast to the anti-drug Taliban). Global guerrillas are unbounded by rogue state policies and are free to innovate. Internal violence can accelerate recruitment and the development of tactical innovations. Unrestricted borders allow global guerrillas to infiltrate adjacent states (and given ubiquitous air transportation, everywhere in the world). Failed states will provide the perfect platforms for the destabilization of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt. Failed states have simply done just that, which is failed. They have proven not to be successful, have proven to be sufficient and lacking, and have declined. Many so-called failed states have not met this description and have not Weak states have these, or some of these in place but are simply that-weak. They have not proven failure and lack of success. It is not done and finished with weak states. Therefore, if you really look at "failed" states, they are actually weakened.

Persuasive Speech about Lowering the drinking age Essay

Persuasive Speech about Lowering the drinking age - Essay Example This is because, despite the fact that it is illegal for young adults below drinking age to drink alcohol, most people always start drinking before they reach the legal drinking age Credibility Statement: I have researched on the issue at lowering the drinking age in USA on the pros and cons, as well as their implications for over 30 years. As a result, I present this argument calling for the lowering of the age due to its benefits to society despite strong opposition from the public and other members of the society. The controversy on lowering the minimum legal drinking age has been raging for a long time and has attracted the attention of many. Many have been arguing that lowering the drinking age will encourage promiscuousness and irresponsibility, which is a mistaken stand since there is no direct relation between drinking and behaviors, as we will come to realize. A. The drinking age should be lowered because; in the early days, anyone was allowed to drink regardless of their age. The drinking age should be lowered because; in the early days, anyone was allowed to drink regardless of their age. 3. In the early times, consumption of alcohol was an event or act for anyone, why can we not let the memories of our ancestors come back to life by allowing all those with the ability to handle their liquor participate in the consumption. 2. This excludes the information that as long as one is over the age of eighteen years, one can be forced to join the Selective Service for possible drafting into the military and participating in war should one occur. 3. The implication of the above is that the government and the law recognizes the ability of eighteen year olds to make appropriate decisions regarding the welfare of the country at large, but not those that determine their own wellbeing.. 2. It also put one in the state of questioning the sincerity of the government, in giving

The Best Day of My Life Essay Example for Free

The Best Day of My Life Essay The most important day of my life was when I received my nursing license. I was very proud of myself that I finally achieved my dream of becoming a nurse. Through discipline and hard work I was able to embrace this day with open arms. Ever since childhood I have known the value of a solid education and also having a meaningful profession. Education is especially important along with being current in our ever changing day-to-day events. Another important factor is having a profession of your own choosing . It all came to me when I was a child. During my summer vacation I used to visit my grandparents. Every morning they would read the daily newspaper and would discuss what they read afterwards. I enjoyed their lively conversations about the events of the day. They would often include me in their discussions and asked me how I felt about certain topics. At the age of ten I remember watching a news channel where they covered the devastating loss of life and property in South America during an earthquake. My heart trembled, I was perspiring and I started to cry. I was so affected that my legs began to shake. I turned to my mother and said,†Oh my gosh what can we do to help those poor victims?† She gave me a hug, brought me to another room, and wrote out a check for fifty dollars. From that day on I realized that my passion in life was to be of service to those in need. The value of focused discipline and hard work encompasses all aspects of life. I learned a great deal about discipline during nursing school. Discipline and hard work is necessary for all achievements, especially outstanding achievements. Discipline goes hand in hand with hard work. Discipline makes it possible to endure the vigors of hard work, making it fruitful and self-fulfilling in the long run. I also realized that discipline is fruitless without hard work. These two qualities enabled me to strive forward towards my sometimes-elusive prize. It is by only understanding that the world is in desperate need of help and by recognizing not only the importance of continuing education, but also by the expanding beneficial effect to all those involved that we can truly uplift our planet by pursuing a course of unconditional service. My ongoing quest has unexpectedly brought me a true sense of unlimited Joy, unforeseen returns, and a profound sense of inner peace and love.

College Computerized Billing System Essay Example for Free

College Computerized Billing System Essay With the power of technology nowadays, people get interested with computers. They tried to indulge themselves on it to have a productive result in a more efficient and time saving process. It is highly valued in institutions like business enterprises, schools, hospitals, government and non government services. However, some of them are still using manual system. In this regard, we acknowledge the value of computerized system. As of today’s generation, there are already many college schools existing. One of which is IJMS College Department that serves tutorial type. It is located at Malvar, Santiago City and is owned by Dr. Imelda B. Brilliantes. IJMS started the operation of their college department on June 2004. Since the said industry is new, they still don’t have computerized system for reservation and billing which is very useful for business purposes. For thesis project, the researchers would like to propose a reservation and billing system to D’ Budgetel to help the management and have a synchronize flow in their transactions system. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem Hotel customers choose important considerations in choosing a place to stay like location, price/value and service. These are very important because these are the primary basis of a customer to be attracted in that business. Since the researchers found out that manual procedure are still used in processing their billing and reservation transactions, it greatly affects their customer’s need. This study aims to look for the following problems: 1. The School billing statement doesn’t provide specific or detailed information regarding on student’s payment or charges.

Trade Kings A Zambia Consumer Company Marketing Essay

Trade Kings A Zambia Consumer Company Marketing Essay For a firm in its initial internationalisation, it will have to use indirect export strategies where it uses intermediary organisations that have the necessary experience in handling export sales on behalf of experienced or low level exporting organisations. As the firms export grows and the firm acquires knowledge in the export market including the preparations of the export documents, it may now opt to use the direct export strategy with less use of intermediaries Most companies would prefer to remain domestic if their domestic market were large enough. Managers would not need to learn other languages and laws, deal with volatile currencies, face political and legal uncertainties or redesign their products to suit different customer needs and expectations. A higher degree of involvement in the domestic market and the company may need a larger customer base to achieve economies of sale. As Trade Kings expanded in Zambia, its marketing pesonnel was able to collect information on the potential opportunities in Malawi. It was actually observed that travelers going to Malawi had introduced the brand maheu there and was a popular brand. This information provided the basis for conducting formal market research which revealed that the brand would successfully sale in Malawi. The company eventually entered the Malawian Market in 2001 through an indirect export strategy. LEARNING CURVE REQUIREMENTS Firms which intend a heavy future involvement might need to learn from the experience that close involvement in an overseas market can bring, some companies may not have any major resources and experience in international trade. Trade Kings did not have any experience in international marketing as it was initially only selling its brands in Zambia. RISKS Some risks such as political risks or the risk of the expropriation of overseas assets by foreign government encourages firms entering into overseas markets to persue an indirect exports strategy as it is safer. On the other hand, the risk of losing touch with customers and their requirements would encourage a direct export strategy. There is political stability in Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa and this provided opportunities for Trade Kings to enter these foreign markets. The lack of experience in export marketing meant that Trade Kings would have to use already experienced exporters, although it would not be in touch with the customers in these countries. CONTROL NEEDS Control over the export operations, particularly over the marketing mix and the distribution channel varies between indirect and direct exporting strategies. Indirect export strategy offers virtually no control to the exporters. Trade Kings had no control over indirect exporters. These were willing to sale on behalf of Trade Kings. However, Trade Kings later opted to use direct export strategy which allowed for greater control over its export operations in Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. HOW MANY MARKETS TO ENTER The company must decide how many foreign markets to enter and how fast to expand. The risk is the substantial resources needed and the difficulty of planning export strategies into many diverse markets. (Kotler 2004, Page 640). EVALUATING POTENTIAL MARKETS It is important to evaluate the potential of several foreign markets. Many companies prefer to sell to neighbouring countries because they understand these countries better and can control their costs effectively. Most Zambians are familiar with Malawi due to historical and political factors. Trade Kings would not find it difficult to enter the Malawian Market. DECIDING HOW TO ENTER THE MARKET Once a company decides to target a particular country, it must determine the best mode of entry. Its broad choices regarding export strategies include an indirect export strategy and a direct import strategy. A firm internationalizing for the first time has no experience in export documentation, lack local knowledge in the foreign market and valuable distribution contacts. Trade Kings had to depend on the experienced exporters. In this case it would have to use indirect export strategy. EXPORTING STRATEGIES Exporting is the easiest, cheapest, and most commonly used route in to a new foreign market. Many firms become exporters in an unplanned haphazard and reactive way, simply by accepting orders from the potential customers who happen to be based overseas. However it was common for a firm to take a proactive approach to exporting by the systematic planning and the identification and the selection of target markets for its exports. This gives rise to several advantages over those entry methods which require greater involvement in the overseas market. 3.1 ADVANTAGES TO THE EXPORTER 3.1.1 The principal benefit is that the exporters are able to concentrate production in a single location, in order to achieve economies of scale and consistency of product quality. Trade Kings would produce the Maheu brand and distribute it to its foreign markets in Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. The demand as at now does not require the setting up of a plant in these countries. However Trade Kings is considering a plant in Malawi that will produce a range of consumer products similar to the ones produced in Zambia. 3.1.2 Firms lacking the know-how and experience can try internationalization on a small scale. Trade kings had started exporting maheu brand on a small scale until the brand gained popularity in 2002. The demand for the brand had increased in Malawi. 3.1.3 Exporting enables firms to develop and test their plans and strategies. Trade Kings had to attain the learning curve effect and eventually was able to persue a more expansionary export sales to Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa by persuing direct export strategy. 3.1.4 Exporting enables firms to minimize their operating costs, administrative overheads and personnel requirements. 3.2 INDIRECT EXPORT STRATEGY 3.2.1 EXPORT HOUSES Export house are firms which facilitate exporting on behalf of the producer. There are three main types of export houses: EXPORT MERCHANTS These act as export principals, they buy goods from a producer and sell them abroad. Trade Kings was able to sell its maheu brand to export merchants in Lusaka who where exporting a range of consumer products in Malawi. ADVANTAGES OF EXPORT HOUSES The producer gains the benefits of the export houses market knowledge and contacts. Trade kings was able to use a major export house ABC international export that was able to buy a range of consumer products from various suppliers in Zambia and transport them to malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. As business continued with ABC company, Trade Kings acquired knowledge that was helpful in setting its own export market department. Except in the case of export agents the producer is relieved of the need to do the following: Finance the export transaction Suffer the credit risk Prepare export documentation Trade Kings was not able to incur any promotional and distribution expenses. This was borne by ABC Company. All export documentation was done by the exporter. In some cases export merchants receive preferential treatment from foreign institutional and organisational customers. ABC International Exporters is a large company that has been in the export marketing of consumer products to Malawi including supplying goods to government institutions and organizations. It has developed strong relationships with valuable contacts in the country that it exports to. DISADVANTAGES OF EXPORT HOUSES Ultimately, it is not the producer but the marchants decision to market a product and so a producer is at the Merchants mercy. At this time the merchant was buying less Trade Kings brand in preference to their company brands. Any goodwill created in the market usually benefits the Merchant and not the producer. As with all intermediaries, an export house or Merchants might service a variety of producing organization. An individual producer cannot rely on the Merchants exclusive loyalty. Trade kings brands has created strong loyalty in Malawi, However ABC Company was not effectively marketing the brand. It was also over -pricing the brand leading to lower sales. The exporter also was also increasing stock of Trade Kings Competitor. This lead to the creation of Trade Kings export marketing department. Export houses are not normally willing to enter into long term arrangements with a producer. Trade King had entered with a 2 (two) year contract with ABC International Exporters as they did not want a 5 (five) year contract initially.However as demand for the brand increased in Malawi, the exporter wanted a long term contract. Trade Kings entered in to contract with a specialist export management firm, International Distributors Limited, a specialist export Consultancy and logistics firm. DISADVANTAGES OF SPECIALIST EXPORT MANAGEMENT The drawbacks of using the specialist export managers include:- As the export manager is an independent organisation, it can leave the producers service and the producer will have gained as inhouse expertise. The contract was not renewed because the international distributor firm lacked the resources to fully exploit the foreign markets. As the producer does not learn from experience of exporting, this may adversely affect future options by restricting those available. The Trade Kings did not benefit any export knowledge from the distributors as all export management functions were done by the firm. The specialist export manager may not have sufficient knowledge of all the producers in the market. International distributors proved to lack adequate knowledge in the foreign markets in which Trade Kings could increase its sales. 3. COMPLIMENTARY EXPORTING Complementry exporting or piggy back exporting occurred when one producing organisation refered to as the carrier uses its own established international marketing channels to market the products of another producer referred to as the rider as well as its own. ADVANTAGES OF COMPLIMENTARY EXPORTING There are advantages to both the carrier and the rider as follows: The carrier earns increased profit from a better use of distribution capacity and can sell a more attractive product range. The rider obtains entry to a market at low cost and low risk. Trade Kings did not use this mode of indirect export strategy. 4. TURNKEY CONTRACTS Turnkey contracts may also provide opportunities for complementary exporting. A single firm engaged in a particular project overseas such as construction, petroleum refining, pharmaceutical and civil engineering projects will often acquire products and services from other firms in the home country for the project. (Hill 2005, page 485) Trade kings did not use much of indirect export strategy. DIRECT EXPORT STRATEGY Direct export strategy occurs where the producing organisation itself performs the export tasks rather than using an intermediary. Sales are made directly to customers overseas who may be wholesalers, retailers or final users. Sales may increasingly be made via e- commerce on the internet. As the volume of sales increased and a forcast of demand showed that Trade Kings brand were steadily growing including detergents, candles, match ticks. Sweets , snacks and bathing soaps. Marketing in this environment is similar to the marketing in the domestic market, although there are the added problems of distance product regulations language and culture.(Hill, 2005 Page 488) OVERSEAS AGENCIES Overseas export agent is an overseas firm hired to effect a sales contract between the principal (i.e the exporter) and a customer. Agents do not take title of goods, they earn a commission. Trade Kings entered into a contract with Malawi export agent, Malawi export Limited. THE ADVANTAGES OF OVERSEAS AGENTS An exporter may use overseas agents due to the following reasons:- They have extensive knowledge and experience of overseas market and the customers. Malawi Export Limited, an indeginous local firm, large importer was able to increase the sale of trade Kings products. Their existing product range is usually complementary to the exporters. This may help the exporter penetrate the overseas market. Unlike ABC international exporters who were able to stock Trade Kings Competitors brands. The exporter does have to make a large investment outlay. Trade Kings did not have to spend resources in building a depot and managing it. This was all done by the Malawi Export Limited. The political risk is low Malawi export Limited is an indigenous Malawian firm and has vast local knowledge and local contraact. It is able to withstand any political challenges in Malawi. DISADVANTAGES OF USING OVERSEAS AGENTS The disadvantages of using overseas agents and these are: An intermediarys commitment and motivation may be weaker than the producers. The Malawi export Limited was still able to market others brand by different suppliers and was based towards brands whose turnover was very high compared to Trade Kings brands. Agents usually want steady turnover using an agent may not be the most appropriate way of selling low volume, high value goods with unsteady patterns of demand, or where sales are infrequent. Trade Kings brand were of average turnover and Malawi Export Limited failing to meet the expectations of Trade Kings. This led to the formation of a Trade Kings branch office in Malawi. This would also deal with Mozambique and South Africa. Many agents are too small to exploit a major market to its full extent. Many service only limited geographic segments. As a market grow large it becomes less efficient to use as an agent. A branch office or subsidiary company will achieve economics of scale. The demand for the Trade king brands kept on growing since 2004 and management had to commit its resources in developing an overseas branch office in Malawi. A careful analysis was done by Trade Kings prior to the selection of the Malawi Export Limited Company to act as an overseas agent for the Malawian market. COMPANY BRANCH OFFICES ABROAD A firm can establish its own office in a foreign market for the purpose of marketing and distributing its product. ADVANTAGES OF A COMPANY BRANCH OFFICE The advantage of Companys branch office in setting its own distribution office, a firm may have the following advantages: When sales have reached a certain level branch offices become more effective than agencies. A Trade King Branch was finally opened in the capital city, Lilongwe in Malawi on 1st June, 2005 with most staff being Malawians. Sales performance will improve as the commitment and motivation of a producers own staff should be more effective than those of an agent. Trade Kings Staff were committed to ensure that they attained the sales targets. The level of motivation was high leading to surpassed sales targets in 2006, this lead to the expansion of the branch to also effectively manage sales in Mozambique. The producer retains complete marketing control. Trade Kings had now a strong presence in Malawi and in Mozambique.The branch was now able to pursue aggressive marketing of Trade Kings brands through advertising campaigns, sales promotions campaigns and participation in trade exhibitions in Malawi and Mozambique. DISADVANTAGE OF COMPANY BRANCH OFFICES ABROAD Trade Kings experienced the following drawbacks when it set- up firm setting an overseas Company branch in Malawi Higher investment overhead and running costs are entailed. There can be a political risk particulaly expropriation of assets. The firm will be subject to local staff legislation which it may not welcome. CONCLUSION Mode of entry has implications for the distribution channel. Although in domestic markets firms often give some control over distribution to intermediaries this problem is magnified in international terms. Trade Kings later experienced distribution problems through its indirect export strategy in Malawi. The distributors had earlier on provided Trade Kings with higher sales. However it started to over stock a range of products from various competing firms. This led to a decline in Trade Kings maheu brand despite the product having established brand loyalty on the Malawian market. It can be observed that, for many overseas operations means they are forced into the aims of intermediaries even though this may not be the ideal means of the satisfying the needs of the end consumers. Trade kings enventually had to opt for investing directly in the Malawian market through a direct export strategy.

Process of Manhood :: essays papers

Process of Manhood The content of the â€Å"kakuungu† mask is constructed of wood with a distinctive carving that outlines the cheeks and eyes of the mask. The cheeks are outlined to show the definition of the eyes that are wide and almond shaped. The surface is to rough and has a sharp image to the structure. The mask is sometimes covered with animal's skin and loose raffia strips. This mask is one of the most powerful and oldest that exists. The mask is known well to be the mask of initiation. In the process of initiation, in which the transformation of childhood to manhood takes place, certain rituals and procedures are carried out, particularly in the African culture that is located in northern Suku. It is of ritual and social activities where the manhood of an uncircumcised boy is transformed. The average age of the boys range from ten to fifteen years of age. However, in rare cases the candidates might be as old as twenty years of age, married, and have already fathered a child. The people present for this occasion may be camp officials, the village chief and his consultant, and people from villages in the neighborhood. A formal opening takes place the day before the circumcision. The day of circumcision begins around 5:00 am with the rhythm of drums. The initiation uses special structures such as the kakuugu mask and sculptured post. They provide a charm to the initiation process. During the preparation of the ceremony the members of the tribe take notice to the different mask, while doing this they show deference to all. At the ceremony, the initiation process takes place by a tree where the kakuungu masks appear in the village to frighten women and children and also seek out pregnant women. The official soon after starts a chant and the young candidates respond. They are then protected by a charm specialist and sent to the headmaster â€Å"kahyuudi†. As the music plays from the rhythm of the drums and the chanting of a song doing an encircling dance they form a wide oval around the fire.

My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning Essay -- Rober

Robert Browning wrote the two poems, "My Last Duchess" and "Porphyria's Lover." Both poems convey an thoughtful, examination profound commentary about the concept of love. communicates two interpretations concerning Both poems describe the behavior of people who are in loving, romantic relationships. There are several aspects common in both poems. Using the literary technique of dramatic dialogue, the author reveals the plot and central idea of each poem. Robert Browning tells each poetic story through a single speaker. Both poems reveal an account in which the admirer kills the object of his love. This paper will compare and contrast the following characteristics: the setting, the speaker, the mood and tone, and theme found "My Last Duchess" and "Porphyria's Lover." One speaker, the Duke of Ferrara, tells the story of "My Last Duchess." The story occurs prior to a meeting between the Count, his emissary, and other dignitaries. Duke Ferrara is speaking privately with the Count's emissary in a room located upstairs within the residence. The Duke is describing a painting of his last wife. The room is stately, well furnished, and decorated with several artistic items. Similarly, a speaker whose identity is unknown tells the poem "Porphyria's Lover." In a dramatic monologue, each speaker relates the details of his poem. Unlike "My Last Duchess," the poem, "Porphyria's Lover," has a very different setting. The events that transpire in "Porphyria's Lover" happen in a secluded cottage on a stormy night. The speaker is alone in the cottage. The strong wind and the unceasing rain are heard and felt inside the dwelling. The cottage is located near a lake and is surrounded by a dense forest. The storyteller has a speci... ... of the love shared between a man and a woman. The aspects of jealousy, vanity, pride, obsessive desire, beauty, and flirtatious behavior are contained in both poems. The desire to completely possess another person's love and affection are related through a dramatic monologue. Robert Browning compares the love Duke Ferrara has for his Duchess with the obsession of Porphyria's lover. The Duke's has a jealous, stubborn, and irrational love for his Duchess. Likewise, Porphyria's is the recipient of a sinister, uncontrolled, and destructive love. Her mysterious admirer is overwhelmed by Porphyria's supreme beauty and her sensual mannerisms. His jealousy and obsession for Porphyria, compels him to act upon his depraved thoughts that will secure her total love and devotion. Porphyria and the Duchess experience similar outcomes that result in the death of both women.

Lacanian Psychoanalytic Criticism in Harry Potter Essay -- Lacan Child

Lacanian Psychoanalytic Criticism in Harry Potter The inhabitants of a faraway country known for its ivory towers and for its export of literary monographs were forever quarreling over who might best represent them. One day two tiny factions decided to join forces: the adherents of the Princess Childlit and the followers of Prince Psychian, the great-great-grandson of Empress Psyche. Both groups had for a long time felt themselves unduly spurned†¦ by the powerful Board of Canonizers who had ruled Arkedemia for over a century. Might not a wedding between the two claimants strengthen their status?... just as the engagement was about to be announced, the whole affair was abruptly called off. What had happened?†¦Their cohorts had begun to quarrel most bitterly with each other†¦ The wedding did not take place†¦Soon the board of Canonizers issued an edict pronouncing both groups to be out of the system. Hereafter, their passports would be stamped with the word â€Å"marginal† in red gothic print. (Knoepfl macher, 131-132) [1] U.C. Knoepflmacher’s wonderful parody of the current situation of children’s literary criticism and the psychoanalytic approach to literature perfectly sums up what will be the major obstacle of this critical paper. It would seem that modern literary criticism has an unfortunate tendency to overlook children’s literature extensively; to relegate it to a position of only secondary importance in the critic’s glossary of â€Å"good literature.† On top of that, psychoanalytic criticism, as it is applied to children’s literature, seems to have taken on a startlingly simplistic, static approach to the analysis of the text, that does very little justice to the diversity and complexity that the field possesses. (132-133) ... ...nnual of the Modern Language Association Division on Children’s Literature and the Children’s Literature Association.18 (1990): 131-134. Lesnik-Oberstein, Karin. Children’s Literature: Criticism and the Fictional Child. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. McGillis, Roderick. â€Å"Another Kick at La/can: ‘I Am a Picture.’† Children’s Literature Association Quarterly.20.1 (1995): 42-46. Murfin, Ross, Ed. â€Å"What is Psychoanalytic Criticism?† The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 1999. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1998. Trites, Roberta Seelinger. â€Å"Psychoanalytic Approaches to Children’s Literature: Landmarks, Signposts, Maps.† Children’s Literature Association Quarterly. 25.2 (2000): 66-67.

Morality and Importance of Moral Values

Raising a family in a society that is fast-paced and ever changing can make it confusing to know just which values to teach your children. As a general rule, it’s up to you to teach your children what to believe, and how they should live their lives. But when it comes to teaching and instilling moral values, I’d love to pass on a few values to teach your children from a young age. These are simple and common everyday values that are quickly fading from our younger generation. Read on to discover what they are!1. RESPECTOne of the most important values to teach your children is respect. Having worked in several daycare facilities, I’ve seen children who have no respect for authority at all. It’s exasperating to the teacher, and to the parent when they arrive to pick up their kids. By teaching your kids respect, you are doing the world, yourself, and your child a favor! Life will go much easier for them with a little respect under their hat. If you have got to give a speech on moral values you have to stress the significance of moral values in life and should never ignore them. Here are some things you may use so that you can present this essential subject to your audience.You can say moral values are necessary because the Bible instructs us to be moral. Actually, during history moral values have been the foundation of our education. First of all mom and dad, then school, and finally universities and colleges were instructing us to be kind, honest, sincere, warmhearted, and so on. Religion used to be one of the most effective instruments to instill moral values into people. Religion has been getting rid of its impact in many states around the globe. These days it is still vital to many, but only for a segment of lots of societies. Moral values are still widely used as a debate topic, but regrettably they are often no that significant for a lot of people.The importance of moral values in life is one thing nobody can seriously argue with , despite the fact that today it is a popular practice. Many well known film and popular music superstars, political figures, and other successful people speak about liberal values – freedom of expression, religious beliefs, a hedonistic lifestyle, etc. Their point is that individual freedom is the most significant value to fight for! No person can  make you do what you do not want to do, so you are free to be bad or kind, sincere, or not – it is your individual decision, and everyone have to appreciate it.That is why it's acceptable to abuse alcohol, take drugs, and be impolite, rude or even cruel – if you prefer to act like that, it is your right. Freedom is the only value! Needless to say, liberal values are not that awful. The problem is they in some way destroy the moral foundation of the modern society. When the Bible is no longer the primary instructor of moral behavior, at least, for Christians, there's a risk people will stop thinking about moral valu es as important.This is currently happening in most liberal democratic nations in comparison to traditional Eastern ones, where the religious impact of Islam is still big. We may discuss the political regimes of those states, and the exercise of individual freedom and human rights there, but there’s a thing most people will agree with – they stress the importance of moral values in life; it's the key component of their tradition.Speech on Moral Values and the Importance of Moral Values in Life: Are They truly Important?In your speech on moral values you have to find out the actual importance of moral values in life. In the modern world of income oriented individuals it's hard to stay a moral person; nevertheless it's not extremely hard. Many do. Every single day we hear that a lot of people are murdered by criminals; in a number of states they brazenly shoot and kill rival gangs members on the streets all simply because of money.Cash is the value. Not kindness or princ iples. Not morals. Greed for money is the only driving force of these people! Every single day we see how people tell a lie, do everything possible to have the job they need, even it demands that they do something awful, against the law, or immoral. Young men try to have a girl they wish without any idea about moral values. This ought to help you with materials for your speech on moral values. We realize the significance of moral values in life, don’t we? And right now, after having a short speech on moral values, we're ready to write a moral values essay.Moral Values Essay: Writing TipsWhen writing your moral values essay do not forget to stick to the structure. Your essay should contain an introduction, a body paragraph and a conclusion. Moreover, your moral values essay should present your own point of view on the topic. In fact, you may use the ideas listed above and support them with your additional thoughts. When summarizing your essay, give your readers a clear conclus ion on the importance of moral values in our life.Speech on Moral Values and Moral Values Essay: HelpIf you continue to think your speech on moral values or your moral values essay can not be done without qualified help, or you simply lack the spare time to do it on your own – professional writing company is ready to assist you! We have authors skilled in different disciplines. Furthermore, all of them have a Masters degree or a PhD; so composing an essay or a speech for university won't be a problem for them. It'll be created from scratch in accordance to your recommendations and within your deadline.Besides, you'll also get: Absolutely free on-line 24/7 help. Free of charge proofreading and editing. Free of charge preview of the primary page of your order. The possibility to pick the best writer for your task. You manage the progress of your order, and can easily make corrections. A warranty the work will be plagiarism free. All this is offered at an inexpensive price as we understand students are on restricted budgets.Do not think twice to post your order now and get the finest grades for your written task! We always do our best to please our customers.

Case Study Managing a Systems Development Project

Elizabeth A. Humphrey Dr. Tim Brueggemann MBA54001OL November 11, 2012 Managing a Systems Development Project at consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. Situation Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc manufacture a variety of different products for individuals and businesses. Due to ineffective accounts payable system, Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc started a new project called Payables Audit Systems (PAS). The process of beginning this new project was taken very seriously. Roles were assigned and defined. Ted Anderson was the director of the project.Peter Shaw was assigned the responsibility of user project manager. The user project manager was â€Å"responsible for making sure that the system meets the user department’s business needs and that the system is completed on time. † (DeHayes, et al) Linda Watkins was given the duty of being the project director, whose main responsibility was to â€Å"manage the IS people on the project. † (DeHayes, et al) Harr y Carter was assigned the job of IS supervisor. The IS supervisor â€Å"was responsible for integrating all projects in the disbursements area and for allocating IS people to these projects. (DeHayes, et al) A steering group was also appointed and chaired by Ted Anderson. â€Å"The role of the steering group was to approve budgets, determine the business direction of the project, and make any necessary decisions. † (DeHayes, et al. )Communication was a very important part of this project. Therefore, everyone who was chosen to work on the PAS project had to have good communication skills. Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc had been using the CIMS (Computerized Invoice Matching System) system.This system would basically match invoices to purchase orders generated by the computer. Those invoices would then be paid if everything matched. If one minute detail didn’t match, the invoice would not be paid; delaying may accounts payable for an extended period of time. This system was not good for Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc and it was not good for the vendors. Due to the CIMS system being archaic and not meeting the needs of Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc, the project committee recommended developing a new system.The objects of the Detailed Study Report was to decrease the cost of processing vouchers, reduce the number of staff needed for processing vouchers, reduce the amount of time it takes to pay out the vouchers, and â€Å"support systematic integration with transportation/logistics, purchasing, and accounts payable to better facilitate changes due to shifts in business procedures. † (DeHayes, et al) When beginning the Drafts Requirements Study, Linda Watkins was concerned with so many systems dependent on each other being changed at the same time.When she voiced her concerns, she was basically told ‘the show will go on. ’ The last step was for the outline physical design group to take a look at the new system and get it set up. The original idea was for the PAS system to use the mainframe, but then an option of using a LAN was introduced. Using a LAN did cost quite a bit more than was budgeted. Just as the physical design report was being completed, Linda Watkins was in a car accident, leaving her with sever injuries and out of work for an extended amount of time. Ted Anderson was worried.Linda Watkins was the best manager he had and he wasn’t sure where to go from here. He asked his secretary to set up a meeting with IS Director Charles Bunke for first thing the next morning. He needed a plan. Target Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc is currently working on replacing their old CIMS system with the PAS system. Linda Watkins, the project director, was in a car accident and will not be able to return to work for an extended period of time. Ted Anderson, the executive sponsor is concerned and doesn’t quite know where to go from here. Many hours have been put into research ing this new system.It is on the edge of being adopted by the company and is now in danger of falling behind in the adoption process due to Linda Watkins’ car accident. Everyone involved in this project has taken great strides to do their research to ensure this is the right system for Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc. This company has done a great job with strategic planning. With all the great planning of this project, it doesn’t appear risks were taken into consideration. When working on and planning a project, â€Å"a good approach is to consistently include risk communication in the tasks you carry out.If you have a team meeting, make project risks part of the default agenda (and not the final item on the list! ). † (Jutte) Where was the plan B for this project? Proposal It appears Consumer and Industrial, Inc needs the PAS system in order to process accounts payable more effectively and efficiently. It appears it will save the company money, as well a s keep the vendors happy. Now that Linda Watkins has been injured and cannot return to work for an extended period of time, Ted Anderson will need to visit with Charles Bunke to come up with another plan to keep this project moving.Ted and Charles will need to meet with the other project managers to determine where to go from here. If the lines of communication stay open and they continue to work as a team, they will come up with a solution to keep the project from being put on the back burner. As stated in the article 8 Steps to Implementing Successful Organizational Change, â€Å"Once a change is planned, it is important to have good communication about the rollout and implementation of the change. A timeline should be made for the implementation and should make changes in the order that affect the process and the employees who manage the process.An effective timeline will allow for all new equipment, supplies or training to take place before fully implemented. Implementing witho ut a logical order can create frustration for those responsible for the work process. † Works Cited DeHayes, Daniel W. , et al. Managing Information Technology. Pearson, 2012. Print. â€Å"8 Steps to Implementing Successful Organizational Change. † http://thethrivingsmallbusiness. com/articles/8-steps-to-implementing-successful-organizational-change/ retrieved from web 10/19/2012

Smu 1st Sem Assmnt Questions 2010

Fall 2010 Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 1 MB0041 – Financial and Management Accounting – 4 Credits (Book ID :B1130) Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q. 1 Explain the Various accounting Concepts and Principles? Q. 2 Pass journal entries for the following transactions 1. Madan commenced business with cash Rs. 70000 2. Purchased goods on credit 14000 3. Withdrew for private use 3000 4. Goods purchased for cash 12000 5. Paid wages 5000 Q. 3 Explain the various types of errors disclosed by Trial Balance? [10 Marks] [10 Marks] 10 Marks] Q. 4 From the following balances extracted from Trial balance, prepare Trading Account. The closing stock at the end of the period is Rs. 56000 Particulars Stock on 1-1-2004 Returns inwards Returns outwards Purchases Debtors Creditors Carriage inwards Carriage outwards Import duty on materials received from abroad Clearing charges Rent of business shop Royalty paid t o extract materialsAmount in Rs. 70700 3000 3000 102000 56000 45000 5000 4000 6000 7000 12000 10000 10 Marks] Fall 2010 Fire insurance on stock Wages paid to workers Office salaries Cash discount Gas, electricity and water Sales 000 8000 10000 1000 4000 250000 Q. 5 Differentiate Financial Accounting and Management accounting? [10 Marks] Q. 6 Following is the Balance Sheet of M/s Srinivas Ltd. You are required to prepare a Fund Flow Statement Particulars Equity Share capital Profit & Loss 14,750 17,000 31,000 15,000 16,500 2006 50,000 2007 65,000 Particulars Cash balances Debtors Investment 25,000 5,000 27,000 nil 80,000 (7000) 2006 10,000 2007 13,000 [10 Marks] Trade Creditors 29,000 Mortgage 10,000 Fixed Assets 50,000 Less: Depreciation (5,250) Short term loans 15,000 Accrued expenses 8,000 7,500 Goodwill 5,000 nilStock Total 1, 26,750 1, 52,000 Total 37,000 1, 26,750 39,000 1, 52,000 Additional Information: 1. Depreciation provided is Rs. 1750. 2. Write off goodwill. 3. Dividend p aid Rs. 3500. Fall 2010 Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 1 MB0041 – Financial and Management Accounting – 4 Credits (Book ID :B1130) Assignment Set- 2 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. Q. 1 Explain the tools of Management accounting? Marks] Q. 2 Find the contribution and profit earned if the selling price per unit is Rs. 25, variable cost per unit Rs. 20 and fixed cost Rs. ,05,000 for the output of 80,000 units. [10 Marks] Q. 3 Explain the essential features of budgetary control? Marks] Q. 4 A large retail stores makes 25% of its sales for cash and the balance on 30 days net. Due to faulty collection practice, there have been losses from bad debts to the e xtent [10 [10 of 1 % of credit sales on average in the past.The experience of the store tells that normally 60 % of credit sales are collected in the month following the sale, 25% in the second following month and 14 % in the third following month. Sales in the preceding three months have been January 2007 Rs. 80,000, February Rs. ,00,000 and March Rs. 1,40,000. Sales for the next three months are estimated as April Rs. 1,50,000, May Rs. 1,10,000 and June Rs. 1,00,000. Prepare a schedule of projected cash collection. [10 Marks] Q. 5 A factory works on standard costing system. The standard estimates of material for the manufacture of 1000 units of a commodity are 400 kg at Rs. 2. 50 per kg. When 2000 units of a commodity are manufactured, it is found that 820 kgs of material is consumed at Rs. 2. 60 per kg. Calculate the material variance Marks] Q. 6 The Anchor Company Ltd produces most of its electrical parts in its own plant.The company is at present considering the feasibility of buying a part from an outside supplier for Rs. 4. 5 per part. If this were done, monthly costs would increase by Rs. 1,000 [10 Fall 2010 The part under consideration is manufactured in Department 1 along with numerous other parts. On account of discontinuing the production of this part, Department 1 would have somewhat reduced operations. The average monthly usage production of this part is 20,000 units. The costs of producing this part on per unit basis are as follows. Material Labour (half-hour) Fixed overheads Total costs Rs. 1. 80 2. 40 0. 80 5. 00 [10 Marks]

Ralston Valley Volunteer Fire Department Essay

Question 1: One of Rick Wyatt’s promotion objectives should be to build awareness. The text brought out that many citizens of Ralston Valley were unaware of the presence of volunteer fire fighters, assuming a paid staff was always on hand. By making people conscious of this social service, he can develop interest in his target audience of young, healthy men and women possessing the quality of commitment. Another objective of Wyatt’s is to arouse demand. In this objective, Rick should aim to establish customer value, giving his audience a solid reason to participate in the volunteer firefighter program. Fulfilling this objective will enable the Volunteer Fire Department to gain new recruits. Rick Wyatt’s third objective should be to emphasize and reinforce the RVVFD brand. This objective takes the customer value established in objective two to recruit new members, retain current members, and build relationships. Question 2: To achieve his promotional Objectives, Rick Wyatt can start by having a societal marketing Orientation. This orientation will communicate to his audience that the RVVFD is supplying the town with needed firefighters, and is concerned about the welfare of the community. To accomplish the objective to build awareness, Wyatt needs to advertise. Due to limited funding, the cheapest and most effective advertising is word-of-mouth. Rick was recruited by his friend, a RVVFD volunteer, telling him about his role in the organization. Rick can ask his fellow members to take opportunities throughout the day to tell family, friends, and associates of what they do. Along with word of mouth advertising, he can also incorporate the internet to blog about his experiences. After building awareness of the service, and providing information, he can begin to stimulate demand. Rick can take advantage of the annual activities, and incorporate small, charismatic speeches, stating what the company has achieved, and its need for community participation. Lastly, to emphasize the RVVFD brand, the promotions need to leave a lasting effect in the heart of his audience. This will build a relationship of trust to his audience. Rick needs to clearly state the Fire Department’s Mission statement. It would also be wise to point out the requirements needed to needed to fulfill the job, and instill confidence that average everyday citizens can meet those requirements by pointing out that the force is comprised of lawyers as well as stay-at-home moms. This final stage will be ideal to retain current members, and also reaching out to new members, while establishing a good reputation that build loyalty.

Observation #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Observation #3 - Essay Example After observing them for a few minutes, I figured out that they were neighbors living in a close neighborhood. One of them had a little baby in a pram, and the other one was telling her about her children who had gone to school. She was giving the other one tip upon handling a cranky baby. So, I figured out that the main topic of discussion was child care. They had not yet started doing grocery. After that, the same night, I again went out on a venture to observe a male-female interaction. I entered an ice cream parlor. I witnessed a couple. I took the table next to theirs so that I could hear their conversation. I could sense some romanticism, and it took me no time in concluding that they were dating. They were in their mid-twenties. They were looking very happy and excited over something. When I heard closely, the man was talking about how he had got the job, and what his plans about marriage were. The woman looked

Analysis of the strategic situation of ARM Holdings Coursework

Analysis of the strategic situation of ARM Holdings - Coursework Example Economical factors: A country that has a stable GDP will be able to finance the semi conductor as the plant itself costs a huge amount of money. The UK is leading trading and power center and has the third largest economy. Therefore the country is in a position to finance the needs and requirements of the industry. While these larger scale economic factors are a strong indicator of economic success, one recognizes that oftentimes the semiconductor industry doesn’t operate in unison with macroeconomic trends. The semiconductor industry is large scale, totalling over $300 billion worldwide. While ARM constitutes a major player in the United Kingdom, globally they are supplanted by a series of organizations from the United States, Japan, and South Korea. Technological Factors: The technologies used by ARM are a major threat to Intel who is dominating the global microprocessor market. With low-end mobile phones the company has become the processor of choice in smart phones as well as tablets. The chips are more efficient in terms of energy than Intel. The larger scale semi-conductor industry plays a crucial role in the supply chain of technological products. Indeed, as microprocessors form the core of a variety of crucial technological devices novel innovations in the market drive industry wide change. Additionally, this process necessitates a high degree of industry volatility. Environmental factors: The products of ARM are low power but at the same time enable more efficient energy products.

Conducting training sessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conducting training sessions - Essay Example Task D (printing of handout copies), will only commence after training materials (task B) shall have been developed, hence it depends on task B. At the same time, task E (developing PowerPoint slides) also depends on task B, hence, will only commence after task B is completed. However, task D and E are concurrent since they can take place or commence at the same time. After developing PowerPoint slides (task D), one can go ahead to conduct a practice training session (task F). However, task F cannot be carried out before task D, hence task F is dependent on task D. Lastly, to conduct user training sessions (task G), task C (confirming of arrangement of training facility), task D (printing of handout copies) and task F (conducting practice training sessions) must have been completed. It means therefore that, task G is dependent on task C, task D and task F. The critical path therefore is when the project comes from task A to C to G. this is the longest path that the project can take to a successful completion. It will take a total of 15 days for the training session to come from the start all through to completion. However, the project can take other alternative shorter routes like go through rout 1 and 2 above which take 11 days and 13 days

The Banatao Brothers Build Boards for the Green Wave Assignment

The Banatao Brothers Build Boards for the Green Wave - Assignment Example 1.2 Cost In USA cost of any entrepreneur to run the shop is at least $400 while average hourly manufacturing cost for Asian competitors is $2.50. Minimum purchase price for polyurethane board in the country is around $300 but Asian competitors can manufacture the same product at five times a cheaper price. 1.3 Stringent Business Environment Domestic surf board entrepreneurs are searching headway to compete against cheap import from Asia but till now there is no sign of relief for them. In 2005, surfboard blanks a domestic manufacturer closed their business due to stringent cost competition from Asian counterparts. Government announced hike in the raw material cost to manufacture due untamable recession started in 2007. Clark Foam was the major supplier of polyurethane blanks for surfboard manufacturers but after recession price of polyurethane blank has increased. In this condition Clark Foam ceased production in the year 2007. After the closure of Clark Foam, small and midsized entr epreneurs do not have any choice but close business due to zero inventory of polyurethane blanks inventory. At that time big players banked on existing polyurethane blanks inventory while the condition was perfect storm for small entrepreneurs like Banatao Brothers due to various reasons like loss of main supplier, low priced import from Asia and slump in bottom line. Domestic sales volume for surf board manufacturers has decreased ten percent in last five years due to low cost import from Asia (Rizzo). 2.0 Support Required for Entrepreneur & Source of Support 2.1 Import Quota According to Professor Hill, import quota can be described as direct restraint on quantity of imported goods. Import quota is directly connected with issuing import license to business organization or individual. For example, Federal Government can create trade barriers for Asian competitors by setting annual import limit for polyurethane blanks and other surf board materials. In this way government can help s mall entrepreneurs from international competition and domestic big players (Hill 205-210). 2.2 Environmentally Friendly Materials Banatao Brothers have planned to manufacture Entropy surfboard with sugar beet foam core that is wrapped in hemp cloth instead of a polyurethane foam core encased in fiberglass. This is a green initiative by them and they need further research on creating bio surfboard. They can take help of various university research scholars having expertise in green technology. Further research on chemical composition of sugar beet foam core might help them to create more diversified product line in future. The company is currently taking help from Bayer Corporation but in future taking help from USA universities will decrease their cost on research & development (Boone, and Kurtz 33). 3.0 Lifestyle Changes and Opportunity 3.1 What Customers Buy Surfing industry is worth of $7 billion and its business pattern is constantly evolving with respect to customer demand. In recent years customers of USA are showing their back to petrochemical based surfing board material due to its poor durability in contrast to

HOW DOES EXERCISE MODIFY NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY Essay

HOW DOES EXERCISE MODIFY NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY - Essay Example The situation, which will be described in this work, is the following: the experienced athlete is going to run a 20km marathon today. The aim is to describe his physiological changes during all aspects of this event. First of all, it is necessary to note, that marathons are not related to the sub maximal loadings; they are related to the dynamic kinds of sports with rather steady and obviously smoother changes in various physiological indices of the sportsman under research. Thus, let us look at the changes, which are caused by the nervous system when the race has just begun. According to Sutoo & Akiyama (2003), exercise modifies the function of brain, as well as the nervous system functioning. However, the mechanism of these changes is still unknown for the scientists. According to the experiments, the influence of the physical exercises has been displayed through the increase of the level in serum calcium, transported to the brain, to stimulate the synthesis of dopamine. In its turn, the higher level of DA synthesis becomes the main reason of the physiological changes during physical exercises. Thus, the main effect caused by the nervous system changes during the dynamic exercises is the increase in blood pressure, the rationale for which lies in the calcium-exchange changes; but it is important to know, that profound understanding of the process of calcium production as a result of long stable exercises becomes the reason for general decrease in bloo d pressure, and this contradiction may be explained as follows. Calcium is known to reduce blood pressure through the calcium/CaM-dependent DA-synthesizing system, simultaneously increasing it through intracellular calcium-dependent mechanism. These facts explain why the first several minutes of race are the most difficult even for the experienced racers. The calcium infusion, caused by exercises, becomes the reason of hypercalcemia during the first kilometers of race, and causes higher blood pressure,

Economics - Transportation Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics - Transportation Module - Essay Example Therefore, the competitive solution or the market equilibrium, is the point at which the supplier satisfies the market’s demand, at the price where the suppliers are amenable to sell and the market is comfortable to buy. Given the example of transportation, there might be instances when the competitive solution does not exactly offer the best scenario for either the market or the suppliers. If the demand for a particular mode of transportation (i.e. railway transit) is relatively low as compared to the supply, then the suppliers’ is low, and they are not able to make enough revenues to generate reasonable profit. An example of this would be the scenario when the people’s income is low, and thus they cannot afford to use the railway transit. Another example is when the prices of substitute good or alternative means of transport, such as buses, are significantly lower compared to railway transits. There may also be cases when the supply is too low as compared to the market’s demand; in these cases, supply is scarce, causing the selling price to be significantly higher while the output level is low. An example of this would be high prices of inputs that are necessary for railway transit operations, causing a decrease in the supply of railway transits. To replicate a more competitive solution for the given example (the railway transit), the state can stimulate more demand for by increasing the prices of substitute goods, such as buses. More realistically, it can help the railway transit industry by stimulating supply, by initiating the reduction of the prices of input materials necessary for railway transit operations. Also, the state can contribute by investing on technology that will benefit railway transit operations. State initiatives such as these will lead the market closer to a more competitive solution. B. I would take into consideration all the costs that will have to be spent in building the project. The

Multispecies Models as an Improvement on Single Species Models for Mea Assignment

Multispecies Models as an Improvement on Single Species Models for Measuring Fishing Impacts on Marine Ecosystem - Assignment Example The study is thorough and provides a deep insight of the multispecies modeling tools along with the single species models and their impacts. In the more recent studies on the topic of multispecies fish modeling and harvesting the factors that can impact the rate of harvesting is usually considered. The purpose is to target and examine the sources. Another study is conducted in the year 2013 in which the authors tried to find the cooperative and non-co operative harvesting in the multispecies fish war models. This paper emphasizes on the role played by support for the sustainable supervision of a broken ecosystem. The authors Daniel Pauly, Villy Christensen and Carl Walton in their study named as the â€Å"Ecopath, Ecoism and Ecospace as tools for Evaluating Ecosystem Impacts of Fisheries† thoroughly studied the key features for the reconceptualized approach. Not only this, they designed two indices based theorem in which they tried to qualify the impacts of an ecosystem on the fisheries. In the research, they used the truth based statistics collected from the users of the Eco Path and extracted from their feedbacks. They further discussed the implementation made up to the date and the limitations of the Eco System. They commented that some of the implementations have been made but the process of up gradation is very slow and it requires quite an effort. In another recent study, the authors studied the statistical and empirical identification of the multispecies fish harvesting Zones. The purpose of the study was to discuss the factors that can help in improving the monitoring and the management of the specific multispecies fish zones. The impacts and the ideas are not only the main theme of the recent researches but  some researchers also conducted the studies on the issues of the multispecies fish modeling and harvesting. Like in a paper the author from India highlighted the problem of harvesting two competing fish species together. For this, he designed a bioeconomic model. Also, the Marine Fisheries Service published their report on the topic of optimal multispecies harvesting in the presences of the nuisance species.  

American Eels Habitat and Extinction Research Paper - 1

American Eels Habitat and Extinction - Research Paper Example One of the peculiarities of these eels is the regular basis of migration. In other words, they may not stay in a particular location for longer periods. They like to travel from rivers to river since it like fresh water very much. It stays major portions of tis life in rivers or fresh water sources and visit ocean mainly for spawning or laying eggs. A female eel can lay eggs as much as four million every year. However, after the egging period is over, it will suffer immediate death. Lafontaine et al. (2008) have pointed out that â€Å"Since the 1980s, the American eel (Anguilla rostrata Lesueur) fisheries have declined dramatically in the Lake Ontario–St. Lawrence River watershed providing evidence of a large decline in population of this species (Lafontaine et al., p.185). American eels are decreasing in number over the last few decades because of various reasons such as climate changes, global warming, water pollution etc. Even though, the decline of eels have been noticed as early in the 1960’s, the problem became intensified in the 80’s and 90’s. Eel landing started to decline considerably during the latter parts of the twentieth century, especially 1980 onwards. The decrease in the number of eel landing was calculated based on the catch per unit effort (CPUE) effort.

Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Catcher in the Rye Essay Holden, the main character of the book Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, had to face many conflicts during the story. These conflicts connect to him either by secondary character or by himself. Not only do this conflicts affect Holden, but if affects the people around him as well. Holden’s attitude became negative because of all the conflicts he faced. â€Å"The first thing you’ll probably ask is where I was born and how my lousy childhood was like†. During his childhood, he was alone with no close friends or family. This affected him because he felt excluded from the society. It also made him feel like he didn’t have any support so that made him go to the city by himself and get into trouble. He didn’t get any support from anyone so he wasn’t told what was wrong and what was right, that was why he smoked and drank. Also since he didn’t have a family who supported him so he never took the school seriously. He was kicked out of four schools because of his bad grades. (Evidence found in Pg. 1) â€Å"I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist, just for the hell of it†. Allies death affected him mentally. It made him very sad at the moment but after a time it made him aggressive and anti-social. (Evidence found in Chapter 5) He criticized everyone. He calls everyone a phony. Thinks other people are followers and are only tricking themselves. So he wants to rebel against the society because they’re making everyone a phony. This attitude made him see everyone in a bad way which made it very difficult for him to make friends. (Evidence found all over the book) He has a Self vs. Self battle throughout the whole book. He wants to be the same person but he doesn’t realize he’s changing. He likes the museum because it never changes. One part of him wants to be an adult (he drinks and smokes and always thinks of sex) while to other part of him rejects it rejects it as a phony. So as you can see, all these conflicts led to his bad, negative attitude. He became aggressive, rebel, and excluded. It also made him problematic and hard to understand. The conflicts implemented some psychological problems on Holden by making him increase his interest in alcohol and drugs.

The GDP Term Essay Example for Free

The GDP Term Essay GDP should really stand for Grossly Deceptive Product† The Economist What does GDP actually measure? When discussing about the economy of one country, people often talk about â€Å"Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, there are a number of disagreements among economist about the value of GDP. Therefore, this essay will discuss whether or not GDP is an ideal measurement of the development of a nation. It first explores the term GDP and ways to measure it. The essay then compares GDP with Gross National Product (GNP) and Human Development Index (HDI). According to Mankiw (2011), the value of all final goods and services in the market produced within a country in a given time span is defined as GDP. Through this definition, there is only one measure of all the value of the economic activities for a range of products, and both goods and services are included in GDP at their market value. Nevertheless, comparing the value of one product to the other is not always easy, for example it is difficult to say if an orange is more valuable than an apple as different consumers value a good differently. It is important to have criteria to differentiate the value of different goods and services. Hence, the market price was introduced in order to identify the volume of customers who are able to purchase particular products. To measure GDP by using the market value helps to include a wide range of commodities in the market. Not only are common items such as food, clothes and other living necessity but also the housing services included in the market value. By measuring GDP this way, many business activities like market rental housing reflect the market value and become indicators of the market. Moreover, volume of owner-occupied housing can be used to measure the market rental value of a country. Nevertheless, according to Abel et al (2008), although this measurement of GDP encompasses a number of goods and services, it still does not cover some products like which are traded in informal markets. It is ideal that all of the goods and services exiting in the market are reflected through GDP. However, in many cases measuring the value of a number of goods and services in non-market and illegal markets is impossible, this makes measuring GDP more difficult. For instance, although the vegetables consumers buy in supermarkets are included in GDP, the ones that farmers grow in their gardens are not counted in GDP. Moreover, it is obvious that the trade of illegal drugs and other products is not counted in GDP. In addition, manufacturing and trading goods and services often relate to the impact in the environment. However, the benefits of clean air and natural water are not traded in the market; and GDP does not reflect actions to reduce pollution or improve environmental quality. There are three main methods for measuring GDP, namely product approach, expenditure approach and income approach. According to Tucker (2011) the product approach is based on value- added concept; it measures economic activity by summing the value added by all producers. In this product approach, the market value of the goods and services traded in the market are included in the economic activities. Nevertheless, the value which is produced and used up in the intermediate stage of the manufacture process is excluded. The second approach is based on expenditure, it consider GDP from a different angle by including expenditure in national income account. GDP is measured as the total spending of final commodities within a nation during a certain period of time. The spending is categories into four kinds, which added to get the GDP (Y), they are consumption (C), investment (I), government purchase of goods and services (G), and net exports of goods and services, indicating the difference between export and import (NX= X-M). Therefore, GDP by expenditure approach is formulated as follow: Y= C+ I + G+ NX (Brezina, 2012). The third method measuring GDP is the income approach, which takes in to account the income gained by manufacturers, such as profits and taxes paid. There are eight types of national incomes, which are: * Compensation of employees consists of workers’ incomes including salaries, wages, pension plans or other benefits businesses deliver to their employees * Income of Proprietors includes capital income and labor incomes of the non-incorporated self-employed. * People’s Rental income: people who have lands, structures or properties can rent them out and receive an amount of money; this is called rental income. * Corporate Profits: this is the amount of money earned by corporations through their business activities. Corporate profits are the results of corporate revenue after rents, wages and costs deductions. * Net income: is the income of individuals earned from their businesses or paid by businesses or other sources after tax deduction or interest paid. * Taxes on production and imports: this encompasses indirect business taxes * Business current transfer payments (net): these are payments which governments or individuals receive from businesses as charitable donations from insurance payments or translation. It should be notice that these payments are not paid for taxes, wages or service charges. * Current surplus of government enterprises: these are businesses’ profits owned by government including electricity, water, public transportations and so forth. There are three main concepts of GDP, namely nominal GDP, real GDP and GDP deflator. Tucker (2011) defines â€Å"The nominal GDP means that the value of all final goods which based on the prices existing during the time period of production†. It is known as current dollar or money GDP and it increases in three different ways. Firstly, it increases when output rises while prices remain unchanged. Nominal GDP also grows when prices increase while the output is constant. The final way which is seen in the typical case, is that both of output and price rise. A major distinction between nominal and real GDP is to measure the gaps between changes in output and the price level which relate to marketing. When the current dollar GDP of a country increases significantly, it is possible that its productions have enlarged markedly. Nevertheless, it is probably that inflation is increasing, so the prices of goods and services grow accordingly. As for the real GDP, the value of all final products production based on the existing prices in a given year. The real GDP which is measured after taking inflation in to account is also known as constant dollar GDP. A price index used to measure the overall level of prices of goods and services included in GDP is defined as the GDP deflator, which is formulated as: GDP deflator = (Nominal GDP/ Real GDP) x 100. It is a measure of the average level of prices for some specified set of products, proportionate to the prices in a specified based year. Hence, the choice of base year decides the value of real GDP and the GDP deflator. In addition, Brakman et al (2006) suggests the method to calculate the real GDP by the use of the chained volume measure of GDP and to take an average of the variation in price. Another way to measure the status of a national economy is through Gross National Product (GNP) and many governments use it as a standard to measure their economy. Brakman et al 2006 defines GNP as â€Å"the market value of the goods and services, which produced by labor and property of residents of a country†. GNP and GDP are different in that they treat output generated by capital and labours having job outsides its home country differently (Abel et al 2008). While the former takes into account the market value of final goods newly produced by domestic factors of production during the current period, the latter only includes production produced within a country. To illustrate, a Chinese worker working in the US, on one hand his services are part of American GDP, on the other hand they contribute to China GNP. In addition, besides labor services, the difference between GNP and GDP also hold for many factors of production like capital. The differentiation between them is calculated as in the formula: GDP= GNP- NFP. Abel et al referred NFP as â€Å"net factor payments from abroad, which to be income paid to domestic factors of production by the rest of the world minus income paid to foreign factors of production by domestic economy†. However, in reality the value of GDP is similar to that of GNP. For example, British GDP was only 0.2% lower than its GNP, $ 1415 billion compared with $ 1417 billion. That is a reason why only two countries out of thirty six having an income level of over $ 100 billion differentiate GDP and GNP. Though the argument whether GNP or GDP is an ideal measurement of national development is debatable, both of the measures still cannot cover many other aspects of the national economy. There are a number of drawbacks pointed out. For instance, it is difficult to set up the best criteria to measure standard of living, quality of goods and services provided the economy activities in shadow economy, welfare issues, income inequality and the negative externality issue (Brezina, 2012). As a result, it is possible that in a country with high GDP not every people live in high standard or benefit form that high GDP. Regarding to the case of China, the China GDP demonstrates approximately equal market value to that in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, China GDP per capita according to current prices is 19 times lower than that of the UK, indicating a relatively huge gap in GDP per capita between the two nations. Likewise, Australia and India have the same situation as that between China and the UK. Both of these countries have nearly the same level of GDP; on the other hand, GDP per capital of Australia is 46 times greater than that of India. In terms of PPP, the number of goods and services purchased with a unit of each country’s currency is measured by this indicator. PPP takes into consideration the differences in price levels of different goods and different demand patterns in different countries. In PPP calculation approach, the amount of disposal income per capita in the UK is just seven times higher than that in China. Similarly, the amount of disposal income per capital in Australia is just 17 times larger than that in India. By PPP indicator, income gaps between countries are much narrower than those calculated by GDP per capital indicator. It should be noticed that the increase in GDP trend when it is measured by the government is not always a positive sign. GDP increases could be resulted from either economic development or inflation. Therefore, in the case that GDP increase because of inflation then the increase in GDP does not lead to the increase in living standard; alternatively, it would remain the same. Furthermore, According to Abel et al., (2008), there are a number of trades are excluded from GDP such as illegal transactions with drugs, smuggling or other business activities which are not declared formally on documents. Therefore, the total amount of GDP is somewhat flawed when it only could measure formal and legal economic activities which are demonstrated under formal documents. In a number of countries including Nigeria, Bolivia and Switzerland, informal business activities under shadow economy account for a considerable amount of percentage of total GDP. Nigeria, Bolivia and Switzerland had 77%, 67% and 9% of GDP of those activities in the shadow respectively. The definitions of GDP are flawed; thus, there has not any comprehensive definition for GDP. Therefore, According to Robert Kennedy† â€Å"The GDP measures neither our wit nor our courage, neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our compassion nor our devotion to the country. It measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worth living† (Robert Kennedy) Although GDP indicates average income level in a country functioning as navigation for living standard, it does not what it is spent on. Generally, HDI (Human Development Index) has a huge gap with GDP. HDI is regarded as a valid measure of a nation’s progress; it is the result of the average value of the three indices called educational attainment, longevity and income (Karalay, 2005, p.214). Furthermore, there has been a major concern about inequality in income, which facing the position of GDP. China can be used as a typical example since the richest 10% income is 18.4 times than the 10% poorest. Ultimately, measuring GDP failed in addressing the cost of negative externality and the value of leisure; actually, these factors are ignored in GDP. Thus, the calculation of GDP is based on the assumption that most of population just does business activities. Moreover, it is hard to quantify the cost of environment. Although the increase in GDP indicates the development of an economy, factors such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and annoy are not taken into account in calculating GDP. Environment has been come a major issue for the new generation, who have been attempting to protect the environment, which are under a great deal of damage. Therefore, the concept of â€Å"Green† GDP has been introduced. Leisure life, a crucial indicator of social and economic welfare was not counted in GDP. In order to increase GDP, people, workers and employees often have to increase their working hours, thus, reduce their leisure time. The value of leisure is hard to be measured but it is also regarded as services and goods expected by the people in a country. GDP often excludes leisure activities. For example, in Taiwan, government imposes the policy which allows workers to have two days off at weekend. Although this policy would increase cost of employers, it would increase social welfare in general. Because of incomprehensiveness, GDP is unable to provide people a thorough picture of a national economy such as living standard, social welfare and so on. GDP is actually just a number given by government in order to demonstrate its people that government is working hard for the prosperity of a nation. GDP measures have been facing a large number of limitations. According to the economist Joseph Stiglitz, there should be another measurement. Hence, he introduced the concept Gross Deceptive Product in the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress report in 2009. In this report, limitations in measuring GDP is emphasized; then additional information needed for the introduction of more comprehensive indications is presented. The report also evaluates the feasibility of alternative measurement tools of GDP. In addition, the report introduced twelve improvements in the ways to measure economic development. For example, income and consumption should be assessed rather than production; household perspective, income and consumption should be emphasized together with wealth broaden income measure to non-market activities and so forth. Despite a great deal of flaw, GDP has contributed greatly in measuring the development of a country as well as providing important information for foreign investment and immigration. Nevertheless, GDP is not a perfect statistic since it is unable to demonstrate living standard and social welfare. GDP is just can general information of national wealth and income. 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